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Relationships with Drug & Medical Device Companies

Source: R/open_payments.R
open_payments.Rd

Allows the user access to CMS' Open Payments Program API

The Open Payments program is a national disclosure program that collects and publishes information about financial relationships between drug and medical device companies (referred to as "reporting entities") and certain health care providers (referred to as "covered recipients"). These relationships may involve payments to providers for things including but not limited to research, meals, travel, gifts or speaking fees.

Usage

open_payments(
  year,
  npi = NULL,
  covered_type = NULL,
  first = NULL,
  last = NULL,
  city = NULL,
  state = NULL,
  zip = NULL,
  teaching_hospital = NULL,
  payer = NULL,
  payer_id = NULL,
  pay_form = NULL,
  pay_nature = NULL,
  offset = 0L,
  tidy = TRUE,
  pivot = TRUE,
  add.ndc = TRUE,
  na.rm = FALSE,
  ...
)

open_payments_(year = open_years(), ...)

Arguments

year

< integer > // required Year data was reported, in YYYY format. Run open_years() to return a vector of the years currently available.

npi

< integer > Covered recipient's 10-digit National Provider Identifier

covered_type

< character > Type of covered recipient, e.g.:

  • "Physician"

  • "Non-Physician Practitioner"

  • "Teaching Hospital"

first, last

< character > Covered recipient's name

city

< character > Covered recipient's city

state

< character > Covered recipient's state abbreviation

zip

< character > Covered recipient's zip code

teaching_hospital

< character > Name of teaching hospital, e.g.:

  • "Vanderbilt University Medical Center"

payer

< character > Paying entity's name, e.g.:

  • "Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc."

  • "Getinge USA Sales, LLC"

  • "Agiliti Health, Inc."

  • "OrthoScan, Inc."

payer_id

< integer > Paying entity's unique 10-digit Open Payments ID

pay_form

< character > Form of payment, e.g.:

  • "Stock option"

  • "Cash or cash equivalent"

  • "In-kind items and services"

pay_nature

< character > Nature of payment or transfer of value, e.g.:

  • "Royalty or License"

  • "Charitable Contribution"

  • "Current or prospective ownership or investment interest"

  • "Food and Beverage"

offset

< integer > // default: 0L API pagination

tidy

< boolean > // default: TRUE Tidy output

pivot

< boolean > // default: TRUE Pivot output

add.ndc

< boolean > // default: TRUE Add output from ndc_lookup()

na.rm

< boolean > // default: FALSE Remove empty rows and columns

...

Pass arguments to open_payments().

Value

A tibble containing the search results.

Terminology

Reporting Entities: Applicable manufacturers or GPOs.

Applicable Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) are entities that operate in the United States and purchase, arrange for or negotiate the purchase of covered drugs, devices, biologicals, or medical supplies for a group of individuals or entities, but not solely for use by the entity itself.

Applicable Manufacturers are entities that operate in the United States and are (1) engaged in the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, or conversion of a covered drug, device, biological, or medical supply, but not if such covered drug, device, biological or medical supply is solely for use by or within the entity itself or by the entity's own patients (this definition does not include distributors or wholesalers (including, but not limited to, re-packagers, re-labelers, and kit assemblers) that do not hold title to any covered drug, device, biological or medical supply); or are (2) entities under common ownership with an entity described in part (1) of this definition, which provides assistance or support to such entities with respect to the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, conversion, marketing, promotion, sale, or distribution of a covered drug, device, biological or medical supply.

Covered Recipients are any physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, or certified nurse-midwife who is not a bona fide employee of the applicable manufacturer that is reporting the payment; or a teaching hospital, which is any institution that received a payment.

Teaching Hospitals are hospitals that receive payment for Medicare direct graduate medical education (GME), IPPS indirect medical education (IME), or psychiatric hospital IME programs.

Natures of Payment are categories that must be used to describe why a payment or other transfer of value was made. They are only applicable to the “general” payment type, not research or ownership. The categories are:

  • Acquisitions (2021 - current)

  • Charitable contributions:

    • Compensation for services other than consulting

    • Compensation for serving as faculty or speaker for an/a:

      • Accredited/certified continuing education program (2013 - 2020)

      • Unaccredited/non-certified continuing education program (2013 - 2020)

      • Medical education program (2021 - current)

  • Consulting fees

  • Current or prospective ownership or investment interest (prior to 2023)

  • Debt Forgiveness (2021 - current)

  • Education

  • Entertainment

  • Food and beverage

  • Gift

  • Grant

  • Honoraria

  • Long-term medical supply or device loan (2021 - current)

  • Royalty or license

  • Space rental or facility fees (Teaching Hospitals only)

  • Travel and lodging

Transfers of Value are anything of value given by an applicable manufacturer or applicable GPO to a covered recipient or physician owner/investor that does not fall within one of the excluded categories in the rule.

Ownership and Investment Interests include, but are not limited to:

  • Stock

  • Stock option(s) (not received as compensation, until they are exercised)

  • Partnership share(s)

  • Limited liability company membership(s)

  • Loans

  • Bonds

  • Financial instruments secured with an entity’s property or revenue

This may be direct or indirect and through debt, equity or other means.

Update Frequency

Yearly

Examples

if (FALSE) { # interactive()
open_payments(year = 2021, npi = 1043218118)
open_payments(year = 2021, pay_nature = "Royalty or License")
open_payments(year = 2021, pay_form = "Stock option")
open_payments(year = 2021, payer = "Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation")
open_payments(year = 2021, teaching_hospital = "Nyu Langone Hospitals")

# Use the years helper function to retrieve results for all available years:
open_years() |>
map(\(x) open_payments(year = x, npi = 1043477615)) |>
list_rbind()

# Or simply use the parallelized version
open_payments_(npi = 1043218118)
}